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- Archive-name: chinese-text/faq
- Original-Author: Ya-Gui Wei ~{N:QG9p~}
- Last-modified: Feb 19, 1994
- Version: 15.3
-
- CONTENTS
-
- (1) What are those ~{BRF_0KTc5D6+Nw~}'s posted to alt.chinese.text?
- (2) Where can I find the software to read Chinese articles?
- (3) Are these software packages pretty easy to use?
- (4) How do I post Chinese text articles to usenet?
- (5) What is 'HZ'?
- (6) What is FTP and how do I use it?
- (7) How do I convert HZ Chinese text to/from GB or Big5 systems?
- (8) What else do I need to know about alt.chinese.text?
- (9) Why isn't it a good idea to cross-post articles to alt.chinese.text?
- (10) How many people read alt.chinese.text?
- (11) What is alt.chinese.text.big5?
- (12) My site does not carry alt.chinese.text. What should I do?
- (13) How do I read alt.chinese.text through ftp, gopher, or e-mail?
- (14) How do I post a Chinese article via e-mail?
- (15) What other net resources broadcast HZ-coded Chinese text?
- (16) Where can I obtain the latest version of this FAQ?
-
- * * * * *
-
-
- (1) What are those ~{BRF_0KTc5D6+Nw~}'s posted to alt.chinese.text?
-
- Believe it or not, they are supposed to be Chinese characters.
- They are usually coded in the "HZ" protocol. You'd need the
- software that understands the protocol to read them.
-
- If you have the right software installed on your system, you
- may be able to read the Chinese text on this newsgroup directly
- just as you would with English newsgroups.
-
-
- (2) Where can I find the software to read Chinese articles?
-
- It depends on what kind of machine you are using. The following is
- probably an incomplete list of software which you can use to read
- this newsgroup:
-
- [If you have problems using the programs listed below, you could
- seek assistance from (1) local users; (2) fellow alt.chinese.text
- netters; (3) software authors. The FAQ maintainer most probably
- can't help you.]
-
- [FTP mirror sites: the software available on ifcss.org can also
- be obtained from the following mirror sites:
- nctuccca.edu.tw:Chinese/ifcss.org/software
- cnd.org:pub/ifcss.org/software.
- If ifcss.org is slow, you may want to try these sites.]
-
- a. If you are using a PC/Compatible running MS-DOS:
-
- (a) ZWDOS -- is a MS-DOS kernel extension that gives DOS text mode
- programs the ability to enter, display, manipulate and print 'zW'
- and HZ Chinese text. Small memory requirement. Supports EGA, VGA
- or Hercules Monographic displays. Available for anonymous ftp at:
- ifcss.org:software/dos/ZWDOS/*.*
- cs.purdue.edu:pub/ygz/zW-hz/zwdos*.zip
- [Author: Ya-Gui Wei <yawei@bronze.ucs.indiana.edu>]
-
- (b) NJStar -- A Chinese word processing program supporting GB,
- HZ and zW codes. Requires Hercules, EGA, VGA or better video
- hardware. A trial version of the program can be ftp'ed from:
- ifcss.org:software/dos/editor/njs210-*.zip
- [Author: Hong-bo Ni.]
-
- (c) HZComm 1.0 -- communication program supporting HZ codes
- under Chinese Windows Systems. Requires MS Windows 3.1 and
- a Chinese System (GB internal code) for Windows. Location:
- ifcss.org:software/ms-win/hzcomm10.exe
- [Author: Nick Ke Ning ~{D~?I~} <ningk@ucunix.san.uc.edu>]
-
- (d) KORE -- Fast Chinese/Japanese text viewing program for MS-DOS.
- Supports GB and HZ. Chinese fonts are now provided.
- Available at:
- mindseye.berkeley.edu:pub/kanji/kanji-viewer/*.*
- [Author: Frank Klemm <pfk@rz.uni-jena.de>]
-
- b. If you are using an Apple Macintosh, try:
-
- (a) Subtitle -- a program which decodes zW and HZ texts as subtitles
- for some terminal emulators. Runs with or without Chinese OS. A trial
- version can be ftp'ed from:
- ftp.apple.com:pub/lai
- ifcss.org:software/mac/viewer/subtitle2.hqx
- [Author: Ed Lai <lai@apple.com>]
-
- (b) MacViewHZ -- A Chinese text viewer which doesn't require
- Chinese OS. Supports HZ, GB, Big5. Available for ftp at:
- ifcss.org:software/mac/viewer/macviewhz.hqx
-
- (c) NewsWatcher -- Macintosh users who have Chinese system software,
- MacTCP, and access to an NNTP news server can use a version of
- NewsWatcher specially designed to handle HZ encoding. Available at:
- ifcss.org:software/mac/viewer/NewsWatcher.new.hqx
- [Author: John H. Jenkins <John_Jenkins@taligent.com>]
-
- (d) HZTerm -- a simple terminal emulator that supports GB, HZ
- and zW codings. Requires Mac Chinese OS version 6.0 or later.
- Available at:
- ifcss.org:software/mac/viewer/hanziterm-0.5.hqx
- [Author: Ricky Yeung <ryeung@eng.sun.com>]
-
- (e) If you have a Tektronix compatible terminal emulator (such as
- VersaTerm), you may be able to use Chirk. See c. (3).
-
- c. If you are using a Unix system/workstation:
-
- (a) CXTERM -- is an xterm with Chinese extension. It understands
- Chinese text coded with the Guo-Biao format. To read HZ and 'zW'
- codes, you also need 'HZTTY'. Requires X-Windows. Available:
- ifcss.org:software/x-win/cxterm*.Z
- ifcss.org:software/x-win/hztty*.Z
- cs.purdue.edu:pub/ygz/cxterm*.Z
- cs.purdue.edu:pub/ygz/zW-hz/hztty*.Z
- [Author: Zhang Yongguang ygz@cs.purdue.edu]
-
- (b) MULE -- Mule is a MULtilingual Enhancement to GNU Emacs which
- can handle Japanese, Chinese or Korean (16 bits) characters.
- For Chinese there is support for both GB and Big5. Subscribers of
- alt.chinese.text will find it useful to use GNUS with hz2gb.el,
- which does HZ/zW encode/decoding automatically. Runs as stand-alone
- X client or with CXTERM. Available at:
- sh.wide.ad.jp [133.4.11.11]:/JAPAN/mule/*
- [Author: Ken'ichi Handa handa@etl.go.jp]
-
- Alternative pinyin input methods (including phrase input) for MULE
- available at:
- linac.fnal.gov:pub/pig.tar.Z
- [Author: Ping Zhou, zhou@okra.fnal.gov]
-
- Also ifcss.org:/software/mule/gnusutil.el can do auto decoding for any
- newsgroups which have coding that mule can support, including a.c.t.
-
- (c) Chirk -- A Unix program for viewing Chinese text on Tektronix
- compatible graphic terminals (Graphon 225, 230, 140; DEC VT240,
- VT330/340; etc.) and terminal emulators (XTerm on X-Windows,
- VersaTerm on Macintosh, etc.) C source code is provided and may
- be portable to other platforms. Supports Guo-Biao, Big5, zW and HZ.
- [To use Chirk with rn, try "s | chirk".]
- Available for ftp at:
- crl.nmsu.edu:pub/chinese/ChiRK*.tar.Z
- ifcss.org:software/unix/viewer/ChiRk*.Z
- [Author: Bo Yang eric@sdphu1.ucsd.edu]
-
- d. If you have access to a PostScript Printer:
-
- (a) CNPRINT. Prints HZ or GB text on Unix, VMS or MSDOS. Ftp site:
- ifcss.org:software/[unix][vms][msdos]/print/cnprint*.Z
- [Author: Cai Yidao <cai@neurophys.wisc.edu>]
-
- (b) GB2PS. Converts GuoBiao or HZ Chinese text into hard copies
- by using PostScript printers. Runs on Unix. Ftp site:
- ifcss.org:software/unix/print/gb2ps*.Z
- bellatrix.anu.edu.au:pub/gb2ps/gb2ps.2.02.tar.Z.
- [Author: William Sun william@cs.anu.edu.au]
-
- e. If you only have access to a dumb terminal. Reading Chinese on a
- dumb terminal is not going to be comfortable, but it can be done.
- You may use 'hzview', but will need hz2gb from the HZ package
- described in question 5 (despite the name, hzview does not support
- HZ coding directly.) Ftp'able from:
- ifcss.org:software/unix/viewer/hzview.2-0.tar.Z
- [Author: Fung Fung Lee lee@rinconada.stanford.edu]
-
- Hzview is also useful for making large Chinese character banners.
-
-
- The above list is not intended to be an exhaustive list of Chinese
- software. It is intended to help the beginning netter getting
- started reading this newsgroup. Wherever possible, only software
- packages that directly support the 'HZ' protocol and are
- readily available through internet FTP as public domain, freeware,
- or shareware, are listed. Additional criteria of quality, user
- friendliness, and usefulness also may be considered. If you know
- of any software that I should have included, please drop me a note.
-
- For a more comprehensive listing of Chinese software, see
- ifcss.org:/software/catalogue
- [By Xiaofei Wang and Liedong Zheng <ftp-admin@ifcss.org>]
-
-
- (3) Are these software packages pretty easy to use?
-
- Supposedly. Some of the software packages listed above are either
- terminal emulators or can be run in conjunction with a terminal
- emulator. Once you've installed them, reading Chinese text on this
- newsgroup should be easy. For example, if you are using ZWDOS
- or cxterm with hztty, the Chinese texts posted on this newsgroup
- will show up on your screen as Chinese characters automatically
- without any efforts on your part. Other programs (text viewers)
- require that you run the program with the Chinese text file as
- input every time.
-
- Consult the documentation with the software for their exact
- specifications.
-
- If you have problem installing the software, you may post help
- requests to alt.chinese.text or contact the software authors.
-
-
- (4) How do I post Chinese text articles to usenet?
-
- If you are using a software package listed above which supports
- Chinese character input, (such as ZWDOS, cxterm, or Mule), you
- can already do this, and it is probably very similar to posting
- English articles. Consult the documentation for the software
- package for information about how to input Chinese characters
- with the package.
-
- If you do not have a software package into which you can directly
- type in Chinese characters, but you do have access to software
- that produce GB or Big5 coded Chinese text, you may use the
- conversion programs mentioned in question (7) to convert them
- to HZ and then post them to usenet.
-
-
- (5) What is 'HZ'?
-
- 'HZ', and the very similar 'zW', are Chinese coding protocols
- derived from Guo-Biao, the standard Character set for
- information interchange used in mainland China. Compared
- to Big-5 (character set used in Taiwan), Guo-Biao has
- the property that each character in the set can be easily
- represented by 2 printable (7-bit) ASCII characters. The 'zW'
- and HZ are protocols that allow mixing of these Chinese
- text and ASCII (English) text, which are the main reason
- they are being used in this newsgroup.
-
- A description of the HZ protocol is available for ftp at:
- ifcss.org:software/unix/convert/HZ-2.0.tar.Z
- [Author: Fung Fung Lee lee@rinconada.stanford.edu]
-
-
- (6) What is FTP and how do I use it?
-
- FTP stands for the internet File Transfer Protocol. There are
- many internet sites with FTP accounts where a remote user can
- connect to and download materials of various kind.
-
- It is beyond the scope of this document to provide a detailed
- tutorial about network file transfers. Yet I hope the following
- example will give you an idea.
-
- At your system prompt, type:
- ftp ifcss.org [connect to remote host]
- username: ftp [or "anonymous"]
- password: your_name [or anything else]
- binary [use binary transfer]
- cd software/unix/convert [change directory]
- get HZ-2.0.tar.Z [get file]
- bye
-
- After getting the files, you'd probably need to uncompressed/
- unarchived the files in some system specific manner. Your local
- system admin or users of similar machines should be your best
- source of help for this. The following is only a brief summary:
-
- (A). Unix compressed files often have a .Z extension. To uncompress,
- use the Unix command "compress -d filename". After that you may
- get a file with a .tar extension. You can untar a file by
- "tar -xvf filename".
-
- (B). DOS (PC) compressed files often have a .zip extension.
- To uncompressed, use "pkunzip filename". (Get pkunzip.exe from
- ifcss.org:software/dos/utils.)
-
- (C). MacIntosh files often have the .hqx extension. To uncompress,
- you'd need "binhex" and "stuffit", both available from
- ifcss.org:software/mac/utils.
-
- The CND Chinese Magazine (Hua Xia Wen Zhai) has compiled a suite
- of help files some of which may be useful for you. To obtain
- an index, send a mail "get cmhelp index" to listserv@uga.bitnet.
-
-
- (7) How do I convert HZ Chinese text to/from GB or Big5 systems?
-
- If you are using a Guo-Biao based system, conversion programs
- can be found in the HZ-2.0.tar.Z package mentioned in question
- (5). Use hz2gb and gb2hz to convert between Guo-Biao and HZ
- text. If you are using a Big-5 based system, check out
- hc.tar.Z in ifcss.org:software/unix/convert, which lets you
- convert from Big5 to GB which can then be converted to HZ (and
- back).
-
- The DOS executables of the zW<->HZ<->GB converter are at
- ifcss.org:software/dos/convert. The Macintosh version of
- hc (Big5<->GB) is in ifcss.org:software/mac/convert.
-
-
- (8) What else do I need to know about alt.chinese.text?
-
- Alt.chinese.text is a free forum. It is not a topic oriented
- newsgroup, as long as your articles are in Chinese or is
- otherwise related to the subject "Chinese text." Nonetheless,
- after you get a hang of the software, you are strongly
- suggested to post in Chinese. Even for articles that best
- serve their purposes in English, a Chinese summary should
- still be provided.
-
-
- (9) Why isn't it a good idea to cross-post articles to alt.chinese.text?
-
- Some netter cross-post articles to both alt.chinese.text and
- alt.chinese.text.big5 [also see question (11)]. This is not a
- good idea because the character coding systems on the two groups
- are different. There is also a gateway which translates and
- reposts between the two groups. If you post the same article
- to both groups, each group will see TWO copies of your article.
-
- Cross-posting of articles to alt.chinese.text.* and English newsgroups
- is also undesirable. Such articles frequently generate tons of
- follow-ups in English from readers of the English groups. English-
- only articles are generally not appreciated on a.c.t. and are
- done only as a neccessary evil (such as this posting.)
-
-
- (10) How many people read alt.chinese.text?
-
- Ever since the newsgroup came into existance in June 28,
- 1992 (with the help of Mr. Stephan Mosier of Indiana Univ
- Computing Services. Thanks, Steve!), its readership has been
- increasing steadily. The latest figures, compiled by DEC's
- Network Systems Laboratory for Oct 1993, indicated
- that alt.chinese.text is read by 56000 users worldwide.
-
- alt.chinese.text alt.chinese.text.big5
- Jul 1992 0
- Nov 1992 11,000
- Feb 1993 19,000
- Mar 1993 28,000
- May 1993 34,000
- Jul 1993 41,000 15,000
- Sep 1993 50,000 26,000
- Oct 1993 56,000 32,000
-
- [Data since Nov 1992 curtesy of Brian Reid of DEC Network
- Systems Laboratory.]
-
-
- (11) What is alt.chinese.text.big5?
-
- Alt.chinese.text.big5 is a mirror of alt.chinese.text in Big5
- code, the industrial standard character set in Taiwan. Its
- contents are identical to alt.chinese.text, except that the
- Chinese texts are represented using the Big5 character set.
- The mirroring program is based at news.csie.nctu.edu.tw.
-
- To read alt.chinese.text.big5, you need a Chinese system that
- supports the Big5 character set. Some of the programs listed
- in this FAQ also supports Big5 (such as cxterm). PC users in
- Taiwan can read it by ftp'ing a free copy of the KC Chinese
- system from moers2.edu.tw:chinese-pub/chinese-sys/kc/kc.zip.
-
- Keep in mind that Big5 is an 8-bit coding standard. Therefore
- your terminal and its connections to all the hosts/gateways
- must be set up to accommodate 8-bit data. Consult your local
- system people for details about this. If it is too much trouble,
- you may want to just read alt.chinese.text.
-
-
- (12) My site does not carry alt.chinese.text. What can I do about that?
-
- The first thing to do is to tell your news administrator about
- alt.chinese.text and ask him/her to carry it. Some sites do
- selectively carry alt groups so it may be simply a matter of
- asking.
-
- If you can't read alt.chinese.text locally, you may try ftp,
- gopher, or e-mail. See the next question for detail.
-
-
- (13) How do I read alt.chinese.text through ftp, gopher, or e-mail?
-
- (a) FTP. Alt.chinese.text articles may be downloaded via ftp
- from the following anonymous ftp sites:
-
- ifcss.org:act/spool
- cnd.org:pub/ifcss.org/act/spool
-
- The articles in the above directories are updated once a day
- (very late at night at eastern USA time), so there will be
- a latency of one day for most articles accessed this way.
-
- In order to reduce unneccesary ftp traffic please use this
- service only if you can't access usenet locally.
-
- (b) E-MAIL. You may also receive alt.chinese.text articles
- via e-mail by sending an e-mail message to the following
- address:
-
- listserv@ccca.nctu.edu.tw
-
- with only the following line in the body of the message:
-
- sub alt-chinese-text "your name"
-
- Recent a.c.t. traffic has average about 80 - 100 messages,
- or about 2 megabytes, per day. Make sure that your e-mail
- box is large enough to handle the traffic.
-
- If you don't want to receive the traffic any more, send a
- message to the same address above, with only the following
- line in the message body:
-
- signoff alt-chinese-text
-
- Make sure that you sign off if your account is soon to expire
- or if you will be away for more than a couple of days.
-
- (c) GOPHER. Many gopher servers offer usenet access. If you
- have access to a gopher client on your system you may be able
- to read alt.chinese.text through it. First check your local
- gopher server, if not successful, check a server that is
- geographically close to your site.
-
- For most gopher servers, you first enter the "usenet" or
- "news" menu. From the usenet menu, select the "alt" hiarachy,
- then "chinese", then "text". From there you can select
- individual articles to read or download.
-
- Other services, such as WWW, may also offer usenet access.
-
-
- (14) How do I post a Chinese article via e-mail?
-
- You may post your articles to alt.chinese.text by sending them
- via e-mail to one of the following addresses:
-
- alt.chinese.text@usenet.ucs.indiana.edu
- alt-chinese-text@ccca.nctu.edu.tw
-
- Note that only HZ-coded Chinese text should be sent to the
- above addresses. Even though some gateways may provide
- mail-in addresses for alt.chinese.text.big5, mail-in posting
- of big5 articles is not recommended because many e-mail
- gateways do not guarantee safe passage of 8-bit text.
-
- Avoid repeated postings. If you don't receive an error message,
- wait a day for your article to propagate before reposting.
-
- For Unix mail users only: When passing an edited HZ article
- to Unix mail as redirected input, you may get a lot of
- "unknown tilde escape" error messages. Possible solutions
- to this are (1) don't use redirected input, instead use
- "~r filename" to read in the file when you are composing
- the message manually; or (2) convert each tilde character at
- the beginning of a line to double-tilde before passing them
- to mail, using "cat file | sed 's/^~/~~/' | mail address";
- or (3) change mail's command escape character to something
- else by adding a line "set escape=#" to your .mailrc file,
- where # is your chosen new escape character.
-
-
- (15) What other net resources broadcast HZ-coded Chinese text?
-
- The following net-resources broadcast or store Chinese material
- coded in the HZ format which are directly readable with software
- described in this FAQ:
-
- a. The CND Chinese Magazine, Hua Xia Wen Zhai ~{;*ODNDU*~}, broadcasts
- an HZ edition through a list at CMUWA-L@UWAVM. To subscribe, send a
- message to
- LISTSERV@UWAVM.BITNET (Bitnet)
- or LISTSERV@UWAVM.U.WASHINGTON.EDU (Internet)
- With the body of the message containing only:
- SUB CMUWA-L Lastname Firstname
- The magazine will be delivered to your e-mail box every Friday.
-
- b. The Chinese Poem Discussion list broadcasts Chinese poems in
- HZ and other formats. To subscribe, send a message to
- LISTSERV@UBVM.BITNET (Bitnet)
- or LISTSERV@UBVM.CC.BUFFALO.EDU (Internet)
- With the body of the message containing only:
- SUB CHPOEM-L Lastname Firstname
-
- c. News about Taiwan available through gopher at the National Sun
- Yat-Sen University. To access, (1) enter HZ environment, (2)
- use "gopher gopher.csie.nctu.edu.tw 70", (3) choose ~{VPI=4sQ'~}
- ~{J11(PBNE!!D?B<#,~} (4) choose csie server, (5) choose "HZ info-
- times."
-
- The same gopher site above also lets you read all the Taiwan
- newsgroups, including local groups of several Taiwan universities,
- in HZ. Just follow the menu, choose "usenet" then "HZ access".
-
- d. Anonymous ftp site ifcss.org also contains numerous HZ-coded
- Chinese material. An archive of articles previously posted to
- alt.chinese.text may be found under subdirectory act/archive.
-
- Subdirectories in "china-studies" contain Chinese text coded
- in GB or Big-5.
-
- Resource on ifcss.org can also be accessed through gopher and WWW.
-
- f. Lian Yi Tong Xun ~{A*RjM(Q6~} is a monthly Chinese electronic
- journal published by the Ottawa Chinese organizations.
- Feng Hua Yuan ~{7c;*T0~} is a bimonthly Chinese electronic
- journal published by the Federation of Chinese Students in
- Canada. To receive both journals via e-mail, you may subscribe
- to their HZ broadcast by sending "SUB CSSADS-L your name"
- to LISTSERV@UCALGARY.CA.
-
- HXWZ, LYTX, and FHY are also posted to alt.chinese.text upon
- publication.
-
- (16) Where may I obtain the latest version of this FAQ?
-
- This FAQ is posted monthly to alt.chinese.text and news.answers.
- The latest version of this FAQ is also available from the following
- anonymous FTP sites:
-
- ifcss.org:act/chinese-text-faq
- rtfm.mit.edu:pub/usenet/news.answers/chinese-text/faq
- ftp.uu.net:usenet/news.answers/chinese-text/faq.Z
-
-
- Compiled by Ya-Gui Wei ~{N:QG9p~}.
-
- Acknowledgements:
- Thanks are due to Dan Jacobson ~{;}5$Da~}, Fung Fung Lee ~{@n7c7e~},
- Ricky Yeung, Nelson Chin for valuable advice for the improvement of
- this document.
-
- Archive-name: chinese-text/etiquette
- Original-Author: netters@alt.chinese.text
- Last-modified: Nov 2, 1993
- Version: 2.1
-
- THIS PORTION OF THE FAQ IS IN CHINESE.
-
-
- ~{VPNDFLFLT11X6AJV2a~}
-
- ~{#(>EH}Dj0KTB!$5Z6~0f#)~}
- ~{#(>EH}DjJ.R;TB6~HUP^6)#)~}
-
-
- ~{D?!!B<~}
-
- ~{R;!"VPNDFLPPN*9fTr#(2]08#)~}
- ~{6~!"VPNDFLO^VFS"NDLu@}~}
- ~{H}!"?45=2;0.?45DLbD?TuC40l#?~}
- ~{KD!"VPNDFL;7>3N@IzLu@}~}
- ~{Ne!"9XSZ!0OuQLSU6|!15DM(8f~}
-
-
- ~{R;!"VPNDFLPPN*9fTr#(2]08#)~}
-
- ~{#1!#WpVXQTB[WTSI#,KyRT2;RKSPO^VFK{HK7"RiB[5DPPN*#;~}
- ~{#2!#>4@OWpOM#,1>E#K:FL5DWBW3#,DKJGVZT*@OCGPA?`9`8H6x@4#,G0125D>-~}
- ~{!!!!QiV55CNRCG:sIzMm12P'7(#;~}
- ~{#3!#LaNz:s=x#,2;R*HC:sHkMx5DM,V>CG>u5DUbJG8v4s@OK5AKKc5D5gWSMx#;~}
- ~{#4!#WpVX2nRlPT#,D\2;If<0HKIm9%;wWTJGWn<Q#,N)Uf@mT=1gT=Cw#,TZ2;5C~}
- ~{!!!!RQGiPNOB#,D\RT8vHK~} E-mail ~{O5M3;%?3JGWn:C#;~}
- ~{#5!#R@C@@{<a:OVZ9zILJB7(9fT-Tr#,8wVVVG;[2F2zF7#,7G>-M,Rb2;5CW*TX#,~}
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- ----------------
- ~{JV2a1`<-#:N:QG9p~}
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